Table 1.
Factors or microbes inducing formation of extracellular traps
Factor or Microbe | Cellular origin of extracellular trap | References |
---|---|---|
Interleukin 8 (IL-8) | Neutrophils | [3] |
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | Neutrophils | [3] |
Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) | Neutrophils, mast cells | [3, 21] |
Hydrogen peroxide | Neutrophils, mast cells | [4, 21] |
Platelet TLR-4 | Neutrophils | [6] |
Interferon (IFN) γ + C5a | Neutrophils, eosinophils | [5, 32] |
Interferon (IFN) γ + LPS | Eosinophils | [32] |
Interferon (IFN) γ + eotaxin | Eosinophils | [32] |
IL-5 + LPS/C5a/eotaxin | Eosinophils | [32] |
Interferon (IFN) α + C5a | Neutrophils | [5] |
GM-CSF + C5a | Neutrophils | [5] |
Staphylococcus aureus | Neutrophils, mast cells | [4, 21] |
Streptococcus pyogenes | Neutrophils, mast cells | [7, 21] |
Streptococcus pyogenes | ||
M1 protein–fibrinogen complex | Neutrophils, mast cells | [12, 13] |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Mast cells | [21] |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Neutrophils | [8] |
Mycobacterium canettii | Neutrophils | [8] |
Candida albicans (hyphae or yeast) | Neutrophils | [10] |
Escherichia coli | Neutrophils | [9] |
Leishmania amazonensis | Neutrophils | [11] |
Leishmania amazonensis, surface lipophosphoglycan | Neutrophils | [11] |