Effects of physostigmine on the rat bladder in vivo. Typical tracings showing the effects of physostigmine (Physo; 500 nmol, 50 µL applied topically, indicated by arrow) in the rat bladder, after topical application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) (5 nmol, 50 µL). Note that TTX blocked the distension-induced reflex contractions. Atropine (4.4 µmole·kg−1, i.v.) abolished the effect of physostigmine.