Figure 3.

Chronic effects of alogliptin-, pioglitazone- and alogliptin plus pioglitazone combination treatment on the plasma levels of DPP-4 activity (A), insulin (B), glucagon (C) and adiponectin (D). Animals were fed a diet containing alogliptin (Alo; 0.03%), pioglitazone (Pio; 0.0075%) or alogliptin (0.03%) plus pioglitazone (0.0075%) during the study period. Plasma DPP-4 activity was determined after 21 days, plasma insulin levels were determined after 14 and 21 days, and plasma glucagon and adiponectin levels were determined after 23 days. Alogliptin treatment decreased plasma DPP-4 activity and pioglitazone treatment increased plasma adiponectin levels. Although the combination of alogliptin with pioglitazone was more effective at increasing plasma insulin levels and decreasing glucagon levels, these effects were not statistically additive or synergistic by two-way anova. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 8 for db/db mice, n = 4 for db/+ mice). The results from a two-way anova are presented below the figure. DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; NS, not significant.