Table 2.

Beverage Consumption in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Drink Type	Diabetes Cases, No.	Person-Years	Age-Adjusted IRR	Multivariate IRR (95% CI)a	Multivariate IRR (95% CI)b	P Value
Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
<1 Drink/mo	733	96 266	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	.002
1–7 Drinks/mo	783	111 418	1.01	0.96 (0.87–1.06)	0.89 (0.80–0.99)
2–6 Drinks/wk	656	78 319	1.24	1.14 (1.02–1.27)	1.00 (0.89–1.12)
1 Drink/d	280	29 273	1.43	1.27 (1.12–1.47)	1.11 (0.96–1.28)
≥2 Drinks/d	261	23 608	1.76	1.51 (1.31–1.75)	1.24 (1.06–1.45)
Sweetened fruit drinksc
<1 Drink/mo	506	60 701	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	.001
1–7 Drinks/mo	637	79 119	1.11	1.11 (0.99–1.25)	1.08 (0.96–1.22)
2–6 Drinks/wk	775	102 311	1.11	1.13 (1.00–1.26)	1.08 (0.96–1.21)
1 Drink/d	421	53 154	1.20	1.21 (1.06–1.39)	1.17 (1.02–1.33)
≥2 Drinks/d	315	36 782	1.37	1.37 (1.18–1.58)	1.31 (1.13–1.52)
Orange or grapefruit juice
<1 Drink/mo	441	50 871	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	.28
1–7 Drinks/mo	767	102 984	0.92	0.94 (0.84–1.06)	0.93 (0.83–1.05)
2–6 Drinks/wk	891	111 975	0.96	1.00 (0.89–1.13)	0.99 (0.88–1.11)
1 Drink/d	445	53 789	0.93	1.00 (0.88–1.15)	0.99 (0.87–1.14)
≥2 Drinks/d	147	16 620	1.02	1.10 (0.91–1.33)	1.11 (0.92–1.35)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio.

^aAdjusted for age, family history of diabetes, physical activity, cigarette smoking, years of education, and each of the 2 other types of drinks.

^bAdjusted for same variables as in footnote a, plus intake of red meat, processed meats, cereal fiber, and coffee, and glycemic index.

^cIncludes fortified fruit drinks, Kool-Aid, and fruit juices other than orange or grapefruit juice.