Table 3.

Beverage Consumption in Relation to Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, According to Age, Family History, and BMI

		Frequency of Consumption, Multivariate IRR (95% CI)a
Variable	Diabetes Cases, No.	<1 Drink/mo	1–7 Drinks/mo	2–6 Drinks/wk	≥1 Drinks/d
Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
Age <40 y	904	1 [Reference]	0.92 (0.75–1.12)	1.11 (0.90–1.36)	1.28 (1.02–1.59)
Age ≥40 y	1809	1 [Reference]	0.88 (0.78–1.00)	0.95 (0.83–1.09)	1.11 (0.95–1.29)
BMI <25	278	1 [Reference]	0.72 (0.52–1.00)	0.95 (0.67–1.35)	1.07 (0.72–1.58)
BMI 25–29	813	1 [Reference]	0.98 (0.81–1.17)	0.92 (0.75–1.14)	1.08 (0.85–1.36)
BMI ≥30	1622	1 [Reference]	0.92 (0.80–1.06)	0.99 (0.85–1.14)	1.05 (0.90–1.23)
Family history of diabetes	1142	1 [Reference]	0.87 (0.76–1.00)	0.96 (0.83–1.12)	1.17 (0.99–1.37)
No family history	1518	1 [Reference]	0.89 (0.76–1.05)	1.03 (0.87–1.23)	1.16 (0.96–1.40)
Sweetened fruit drinks
Age <40 y	893	1 [Reference]	0.94 (0.74–1.18)	0.94 (0.75–1.18)	1.13 (0.91–1.41)
Age ≥40 y	1761	1 [Reference]	1.14 (0.99–1.31)	1.13 (0.98–1.30)	1.25 (1.08–1.44)
BMI <25	273	1 [Reference]	1.15 (0.80–1.65)	1.17 (0.82–1.67)	0.84 (0.56–1.25)
BMI 25–29	791	1 [Reference]	1.29 (1.04–1.61)	1.29 (1.04–1.60)	1.28 (1.02–1.60)
BMI ≥30	1590	1 [Reference]	1.00 (0.86–1.17)	1.01 (0.86–1.18)	1.30 (1.11–1.52)
Family history of diabetes	1119	1 [Reference]	1.10 (0.94–1.28)	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	1.18 (1.00–1.38)
No family history	1484	1 [Reference]	1.07 (0.89–1.30)	1.15 (0.96–1.39)	1.29 (1.01–1.56)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CI, confidence interval; IRR, incidence rate ratio.

^aAdjusted for age; questionnaire cycle; education; physical activity; smoking status; family history of diabetes; intake of red meat, processed meat, cereal fiber, and coffee; glycemic index; and each of the other 2 types of drinks.