Viruses were produced by mock transfection (mock) or cotransfection of 293T cells with a VSV G expression vector plus HIVgpt (WT), HIVgpt-MAGFP (MAGFP), HIVgpt-AKTPH (AKTPH), HIVgpt-PLCPH (PLCPH) or HIVgpt-PKCCBD (PKCCBD). For production of PKCCBD viruses, transfected cells were treated with 1 μM PMA as described in the Materials and Methods to improve particle release. At 3 days post-transfection, virus-containing media supernatants were collected, filtered through 0.45 micron sterile filters and used to infect HiJ cells. Three days post-infection, HiJ cells were split 1:10 into gpt selective media, and colonies expressing proviral gpt genes were grown for 7-10 d prior to staining.