TABLE 2.

A. fumigatus secondary metabolites implicated in pathogenesis

Secondary metabolite	Fungal association(s)	Potential function in vivo	Reference(s)
Gliotoxin	Hyphae	Induction of host cell apoptosis	25, 32, 45, 150, 160, 188, 195, 215, 216
		Epithelial cell damage and slowed ciliary beating	6
		Inhibition of phagocytosis and oxidative burst	60, 209, 232
		Inhibition of T-cell responses	139, 188, 231
Restrictocin	Hyphae	Inhibition of neutrophil-mediated hyphal damage	84, 185
Verruculogen	Conidia, hyphae	Affects transepithelial resistance and induces hyperpolarization, cytoplasmic vacuolization of epithelial cells	29, 96
Fumagillin	Hyphae	Epithelial cell damage and slowed ciliary beating; angiogenesis inhibitor	5, 6, 43
Helvolic acid	Hyphae	Epithelial cell damage and slowed ciliary beating	5, 6, 43
Ergot alkaloids	Conidia, hyphae	Unknown	5, 6, 43
Fumitremorgin	Unknown	Unknown	124
Afpes1 product	Unknown	Unknown	164