FIG. 3.

Effect of restoring K5 capsule expression to strain EcNK5⁻ on the induction of IL-8 and MCP-1 by Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells were infected with bacteria, RNA was extracted, and qRT-PCR was performed as described in Materials and Methods. Relative chemokine mRNA levels were expressed as the change (n-fold) in the corresponding levels in the uninfected Caco-2 cells. The figure is representative of three independent experiments, each done at least in quadruple. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviations. EcN, strain Nissle 1917; pSK+, pBluescript II SK(+).