Table 1.

Typical values from the literature for the properties of blisters and the associated estimate of the interfacial toughness Δγ

Reference	Thin film type	h, nm	δ, nm	λ, μm	Δγ(Jm−2)
Cleymand et al. (22)	Stainless steel	58	250	2.3	1.3
Parry et al. (23)	Nickel	50	250	3.5	0.2
Foucher (24)	Nickel	100	340	3.4	3
Foucher (24)	Nickel	200	670	8.9	2
Foucher (24)	Nickel	300	1, 000	12.8	3.7

These experiments were all performed on polycarbonate substrates.