Locations of NNIs at the palm and thumb binding sites of NS5B polymerase. The overall structure diagram of HCV polymerase shows the finger domain (blue), the palm domain (green), and the thumb domain (red). Inhibitor binding positions are shown for representative non-nucleosides at the allosteric binding sites of NS5B for palm 1 (NNI-1, Protein Data Bank code 2GIQ; bright green), palm 2 (HCV-796; bright blue), thumb 2 (NNI-3, Protein Data Bank code 2GIR; magenta), and thumb 1 (NNI-4, Protein Data Bank code 2BRK; yellow). The locations of resistance mutations are indicated by orange spheres. C316N is a polymorphism found in the NS5B-1b subgenotypes.