Table 5.
Marginal probability effects of prenatal factors and covariates on low birth weight
| Prenatal factor/covariate | Group without birth defects | Group with birth defects |
|---|---|---|
| ME (SE) | ME (SE) | |
| Live births | −0.029*** (0.006) | −0.016** (0.008) |
| Maternal primary educationa | −0.038** (0.017) | 0.001 (0.033) |
| Maternal secondary educationa | −0.031* (0.017) | −0.048 (0.029) |
| Miscarriages/stillbirths | 0.021** (0.009) | 0.013 (0.015) |
| Chronic illnesses | 0.038* (0.021) | 0.048* (0.028) |
| Maternal age (25–34 years) | 0.031* (0.016) | 0.024 (0.026) |
| Maternal age (≥35 years) | 0.082** (0.033) | 0.13*** (0.038) |
| First trimester bleeding | 0.011 (0.028) | 0.085** (0.04) |
| Difficulty in conception | −0.012 (0.021) | 0.063* (0.036) |
| Tetanus | −0.019 (0.025) | −0.09** (0.039) |
| Birth defect history | −0.009 (0.028) | −0.127*** (0.022) |
| Male | 0.008 (0.014) | −0.05** (0.021) |
| European Latin ancestry | 0.02 (0.016) | −0.063** (0.026) |
Notes: Marginal effects (ME) of prenatal factors and other covariates on LBW probability were estimated holding model covariates at their means. Standard errors (SE) of marginal effects are listed in parentheses.
*, ** and *** indicate significant effects at P < 0.1, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.