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. 2009 Mar 12;24(3):175–188. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czp005

Table 6.

Marginal probability effects of prenatal factors and covariates on preterm birth

Prenatal factor/covariate Group without birth defects Group with birth defects
ME (SE) ME (SE)
Multivitamin −0.043* (0.023) 0.001 (0.032)
Paternal primary education 0.002 (0.024) 0.062* (0.032)
Paternal secondary education −0.043** (0.021) 0.087*** (0.032)
Chronic illnesses 0.048* (0.025) 0.046* (0.028)
European Latin ancestry 0.044** (0.019) 0.017 (0.025)
Physical shocks 0.083* (0.046) −0.061* (0.036)
Pregnancy year 2000 0.105* (0.058) 0.015 (0.058)
Birth defect history 0.014 (0.037) −0.108*** (0.022)
Miscarriages/stillbirths 0.022** (0.011) 0.0002 (0.015)
Maternal secondary education −0.022 (0.023) −0.097*** (0.027)
Native ancestry 0.014 (0.021) 0.049** (0.025)

Notes: Marginal effects (ME) of prenatal factors and other covariates on preterm birth probability were estimated holding model covariates at their means. Standard errors (SE) of marginal effects are listed in parentheses.

*, ** and *** indicate significant effects at P < 0.1, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.