Table 1.
Characteristics of older adults by diabetes status (Health Aging and Body Composition Study)
| Diabetes
|
||
|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |
| n | 427 | 501 |
| Age at baseline (yr) | 73.4 ± 2.9 | 73.6 ± 2.9 |
| Gender (% men) | 57.4 | 56.9 |
| Race (% white) | 43.8 | 43.3 |
| Clinic site (% Memphis) | 49.6 | 49.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 4.7 | 29.6 ± 4.9a |
| Weight (kg) | 75.8 ± 15.4 | 82.9 ± 14.8a |
| Lost 5+ pounds in previous 12 months (% yes) | 28.4 | 48.9a |
| Cystatin-C (mg/liter) | 1.02 ± 0.29 | 1.10 ± 0.35a |
| Renal insufficiencyb | 16.9 | 24.6a |
| Fell in year before baseline (% yes) | 20.7 | 22.1 |
| Standing balance time (sec) | 70.7 ± 22.2 | 62.0 ± 25.4a |
| Current smoker (% yes) | 12.0 | 9.2 |
| Calcium supplement use (% yes) | 13.3 | 9.4 |
| Vitamin D supplement use (% yes) | 7.3 | 3.8a |
| Oral estrogen use (women only) (% yes) | 20.9 | 14.4 |
| Thiazide diuretic use (% yes) | 18.0 | 21.4 |
| Statin use (% yes) | 9.1 | 13.6a |
| Osteoporosis drug use (% yes)c | 2.6 | 1.6 |
| A1C (%) | 6.0 ± 0.5 | 8.1 ± 1.5a |
| Pentosidine (pmol/mmol Cr)d | 11.8 ± 6.9 | 11.6 ± 6.9 |
| Baseline BMD (g/cm2) | ||
| Hip total | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 0.96 ± 0.17a |
| Femoral neck | 0.75 ± 0.14 | 0.81 ± 0.14a |
| Trochanter | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.74 ± 0.15a |
| Change in BMD (%/yr) | ||
| Hip total | −0.5 ± 1.1 | −0.5 ± 1.1 |
| Femoral neck | −0.4 ± 1.4 | −0.6 ± 1.4 |
| Trochanter | −0.5 ± 1.4 | −0.5 ± 1.3 |
| Prevalent vertebral fracture | ||
| Moderate/severe (SQ grade ≥2) (% with at least one deformity) | 2.9 | 2.3 |
| Clinical fracture (% with at least one fracture) | 12.6 | 14.8 |
| In diabetic participants only | ||
| Insulin use (% yes) | 22.0 | |
| Oral hypoglycemic use (% yes) | 52.5 | |
| Diabetes duration (yr) | 9.9 ± 11.5 | |
Data are expressed as mean ± sd or percentage.
a
P < 0.05, comparing those with and without diabetes.
b
Defined as eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. eGFR estimated with the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation that includes serum Cr, age, gender, and race.
c
Includes bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and raloxifene.
d
Geometric means based on log-transformed pentosidine.