Table 1.
Classes of TH-GAL4 and anti-TH positive neurons in the protocerebrum.
| Class | Blowflya | Drosophila (this study) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-TH positive | Anti-TH positive | TH-GAL4 positive | Figures | |||
| Neurons per hemisphere | Neurons per hemisphereb | Neurons per hemisphere (Mean ± SEM) | Hemispheres counted | Main neuropil projection | ||
| PAM | 110; fewer in Drosophila | ∼100 | 12.85 ± 0.30 | 30 | Medial tips of and areas posterior to horizontal lobes | 1A–C, 2D, 3A and 4E–H |
| PAL | 5 | 5 | 5.30 ± 0.20 | 23 | Optu, lo, vmpr, spsl | 1A–C and 3A,C; 2A,B in Supplementary Material |
| PPM1 | 1 | 1 | 5.46 ± 0.17 per brain | 14 brains | Ventrally along midline | 1D–F and 2A,E; 1E in Supplementary Material |
| PPM2 | 6 | 8 | 8.07 ± 0.16 | 27 | Vmpr, SOG | 1D–F, 2A–C and 3F; 2E–G in Supplementary Material |
| PPM3 | 4 | 6∼8 | 8.02 ± 0.19 | 28 | Central complex | 1D–F and 2A–C; 1D and 2H–N in Supplementary Material |
| PPL1 | 12 | 12 | 11.77 ± 0.22 | 26 | Mushroom bodies and vincinity, superior arch | 1D–F, 2A,C,G–I, 3F–H and 5; 1D in Supplementary Material |
| PPL2ab | a:6; b:2 | 6 | 6.10 ± 0.35 | 21 | Calyx, lateral horn, mipr, mspr, lo, plpr, spsl, pilpr, pslpr | 1D–F, 2A,J–L and 6 |
| PPL2c | 0; 2 in Drosophila | 2 | 4.62 ± 0.11 | 26 | Plpr, spsl | 1D–F and 2A,F; 2C,D in Supplementary Material |
| PPD | 0 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 36 | 1D–F and 2B; 1A in Supplementary Material | ||
| PPM4 | 0 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 36 | 1F; 1F in Supplementary Material | ||
| PPL3 | 0 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 34 | 1D–F and 2B,C; 1D,E in Supplementary Material | ||
| PPL4 | 0 | 0.91 ± 0.05 | 34 | 1D–F and 2H,I; 1C in Supplementary Material | ||
| PPL5 | 0 | 0.54 ± 0.10 | 34 | 1D–F and 2B; 1B in Supplementary Material | ||
| Total | ∼282 per brain | 127 per brain | ||||
lo, Lobula; mipr, medial inferior protocerebrum; mspr, medial superior protocerebrum; optu, optic tubercle; pilpr, posterior inferior lateral protocerebrum; plpr, posterior lateral protocerebrum; pslpr, posterior superior lateral protocerebrum; SOG, subesophageal ganglion; spsl, superior posterior slope; vmpr, ventral medial protocerebrum (Tanaka et al., 2008).
aNässel and Elekes (1992) documented the number of neurons in each class in blowfly and indicated that the number are homologous in Drosophila except for the two differences noted.
bNumber of hemispheres counted: ≥6 for each class.