Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the 108 participants

Variable	Result
Mean age: years (SD)	55 (11.47)
Duration of pain: months (SD)	110.44 (136.73)
Gender
Male	32 (29.6%)
Female	76 (70.4%)
Race/ethnicity
African American	14 (13%)
Latino	4 (3.7%)
White/Non-Hispanic	90 (83.3%)
Marital status
Single	10 (9.3%)
Married/cohabitating	74 (68.5%)
Divorced/separated	17 (15.7%)
Widowed/other	7 (6.5%)
Diagnosis
Lumbar	68 (63%)
Thoracic	3 (2.8%)
Cervical	17 (15.7%)
Myofascial	2 (1.9%)
Headache	3 (2.8%)
Neuropathy/neuralgia	5 (4.6%)
Other	10 (9.3%)