Table 3.

Within-subject repeated-measure analysis of variance of outcomes of a comprehensive pain management program for 46 participants with a 1-year follow-up

	Mean ± standard error (95% confidence interval)
Variables	Pretreatment	Posttreatment	1-year follow-up	F-statistic (df)	P value
Pain severity (n = 46)	8.8 ± .29 (8.21–9.40)	6.59 ± .31 (5.96–7.21)∗	6.94 ± .45 (6.03–7.84)∗	20.744 (2)	<.001
Interference (n = 46)	10.43 ± .30 (9.83–11.04)	8.04 ± .42 (7.19–8.90)∗	7.35 ± .56 (6.22–8.48)∗	16.887 (2)	<.001
Distress (n = 46)	7.07 ± .49 (6.08–8.05)	3.91 ± .38 (3.15–4.67)∗	5.57 ± .45 (4.65–6.48)	15.819 (2)	<.001
Control (n = 46)	5.91 ± .29 (5.10–6.72)	8.8 ± .24 (8.16–9.45)∗	8.67 ± .29 (8.02–9.33)∗	40.386 (2)	<.001
Helpfulness (n = 46)	2.37 ± .22 (1.93–2.81)	7.35 ± .29 (6.76–7.93)∗	7.13 ± .4 (6.34–7.93)∗	95.903 (2)	<.001
Hours resting (n = 40)	5.45 ± .51 (4.42–6.48)	2.63 ± .24 (2.14–3.12)∗	3.29 ± .44 (2.40–4.18)∗	16.976 (2)	<.001

∗No overlap in 95% confidence interval between pretreatment and either posttreatment or 1-year scores.