TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics and left ventricular (LV) indexes by dietary pattern score quintile (Q) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: 2000–2002 (n = 4601)1
| Dietary pattern (toward high-fat intake) |
||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P value2 | |
| Dietary pattern score | −1.508 ± 0.663 | −0.582 ± 0.15 | −0.107 ± 0.13 | 0.442 ± 0.19 | 1.755 ± 0.95 | <0.001 |
| Categorical variables (%) | ||||||
| Female | 67.4 | 60.2 | 53.8 | 45.4 | 35.8 | <0.001 |
| White | 47.4 | 43.8 | 39.3 | 39.2 | 30.54 | |
| Chinese | 21.5 | 22.0 | 16.4 | 7.8 | 2.04 | <0.001 |
| Black | 24.1 | 22.8 | 25.0 | 24.8 | 23.94 | |
| Hispanic | 7.0 | 11.4 | 19.3 | 28.2 | 43.64 | |
| Bachelor's degree or higher | 51.7 | 44.8 | 37.8 | 32.2 | 25.0 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 7.9 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 18.2 | <0.001 |
| AHA-MetSyn | 31.1 | 37.2 | 42.5 | 46.3 | 51.3 | <0.001 |
| Continuous variables | ||||||
| Age (y) | 63.4 ± 10.1 | 63.7 ± 10.1 | 62.0 ± 10.3 | 61.7 ± 10.0 | 59.9 ± 9.8 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.6 ± 13.1 | 93.7 ± 13.0 | 95.6 ± 12.6 | 98.9 ± 13.1 | 101.2 ± 12.5 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 123.6 ± 21.1 | 124.5 ± 21.2 | 126.1 ± 21.8 | 126.4 ± 21.0 | 125.8 ± 20.5 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 70.4 ± 10.3 | 70.5 ± 10.2 | 72.2 ± 10.4 | 72.6 ± 10.1 | 73.1 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.03 ± 0.9 | 5.06 ± 0.9 | 4.97 ± 0.9 | 5.02 ± 1.0 | 5.04 ± 0.9 | 0.23 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.46 ± 0.4 | 1.38 ± 0.4 | 1.32 ± 0.4 | 1.27 ± 0.4 | 1.20 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.99 ± 0.8 | 3.03 ± 0.8 | 2.99 ± 0.8 | 3.03 ± 0.8 | 3.09 ± 0.8 | 0.079 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.28 ± 0.7 | 1.41 ± 0.8 | 1.47 ± 0.9 | 1.57 ± 1.0 | 1.68 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.44 ± 1.1 | 5.59 ± 1.2 | 5.70 ± 1.7 | 5.84 ± 1.8 | 6.05 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| log-HOMA-IR (mmol/L) | 0.78 ± 0.4 | 0.86 ± 0.4 | 0.89 ± 0.4 | 0.95 ± 0.4 | 1.03 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| LV mass/BSA (g/m2) | 75.1 ± 4.9 | 75.2 ± 15.4 | 77.3 ± 16.2 | 79.3 ± 16.2 | 82.3 ± 16.9 | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume/BSA (mL/m2) | 47.2 ± 8.4 | 46.7 ± 8.7 | 46.5 ± 9.6 | 46.5 ± 8.8 | 46.8 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 70.4 ± 6.9 | 70.2 ± 6.9 | 69.0 ± 7.5 | 68.1 ± 7.6 | 67.8 ± 7.8 | <0.001 |
1
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; BSA, body surface area; AHA-MetSyn, American Heart Association–defined metabolic syndrome.
2
Test for trend across quintiles of reduced rank regression dietary pattern score except for race-ethnicity.
3
Mean ± SD (all such values).
4
Chi-square test.