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. 2009 Jul 22;4(7):e6334. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006334

Figure 2. ICV HN increases peripheral insulin sensitivity.

Figure 2

A) Schematic representation of the experimental design for the ICV studies; the upper panel demonstrates the time line for the surgical procedures and the lower panel demonstrates the protocol on the day of the clamp. B) Glucose infusion rate (GIR) and C) Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and degree of suppression of HGP by artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) and 0.16 µg/kg/min HN infusions (n = 5 each) during a basal pancreatic clamp. D) GIR, E) HGP and F) degree of HGP suppression during a hyperinsulinemic clamp with ICV infusion of aCSF, HN and a DDHN peptide (n = 7 each). G) Time course and H) last hour average of effects of ICV aCSF, HN and DDHN on peripheral glucose uptake during a hyperinsulinemic clamp. Effect of aCSF (black bars) and HN (white bars) on I) glycolysis, J) glycogen synthesis, and K) suppression of free fatty acids (FFA) in response to insulin. L) pAKT and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) in skeletal muscle during insulin clamp in response to ICV aCSF and HN (n = 7 each). Values are means±SE. *Significantly different from other experimental groups, P<0.05.