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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2008 Dec 18;104(3):403–411. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.190918

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Chronic administration of metformin phosphorylates AMPK and eNOS and increases the expression of PGC1α at 4 weeks during heart failure (HF). (A) Representative immunoblots of AMPK phosphorylated at residue threonine 172 (AMPK-PThr172) and total AMPK eNOS phosphorylated at residue Serine 1177 (eNOS-PSer1177), total eNOS, and PGC-1α and α-tubulin following HF protocol. Densitometric analysis of (B) phosphorylated state AMPKThr172. Bars represent the ratio of phosphorylated AMPK to total AMPK. (C) phosphorylated state eNOS-PSer1177. Bars represent the ratio of phosphorylated eNOS to total eNOS (D) total PGC1α Values are means ± S.E.M. Numbers inside bars indicate the number of animals that were investigated in each group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.01 compared to Sham. Veh = vehicle, Met QD = Metformin QD.