Table 1.
Burden of cardiovascular risk factors in study participants with normal and high Cystatin C ≥95th percentile cut-point*
| Cystatin C Level |
p Value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 2521) | High (n = 720) | ||
| Age (yrs) | 59.2 ± 8.8 | 67.9 ± 8.5 | <.001 |
| Women | 1403 (55.7%) | 338 (46.9%) | <.001 |
| Range GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 89.2 ± 17.2 | 69.2 ± 17.9 | <.001 |
| Range GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 34.4-182.3 | 6.2-143.8 | - |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 126 ± 18.2 | 133 ± 19.8 | 0.28 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.6 ± 9.5 | 72.1 ± 10.3 | 0.02 |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 50.9 ± 15.4 | 60.8 ± 18.4 | 0.004 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 103 ± 25.0 | 110 ± 30.3 | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 202 ± 36.5 | 193 ± 36.9 | <.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 121 ± 32.7 | 115 ± 32.4 | 0.002 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 55 ± 17.2 | 47.6 ± 14.8 | <.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 132 ± 87.1 | 153 ± 88.9 | <.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 29.9 ± 5.7 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.2 ± 13.7 | 106 ± 13.9 | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 997 (39.6%) | 486 (56.0%) | <.001 |
| Hypertension treatment | 697 (27.7%) | 403 (19.4%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 219 (8.7%) | 140 (19.4%) | <.001 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 663 (26.3%) | 306 (42.5%) | <.001 |
| Central obesity‡ | 1431 (56.8%) | 521 (72.4%) | <.001 |
| Low HDL cholesterol§ | 685 (27.2%) | 330 (45.8%) | <.001 |
| Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl | 742 (29.4%) | 280 (38.9%) | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dl | 384 (15.4%) | 72 (14.2%) | <.001 |
| Smoking | 314 (12.4%) | 102 (14.2%) | <.001 |
| Moderate alcohol intake|| | 471 (18.7%) | 89 (12.4%) | 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 59 (2.3%) | 219 (30.4%) | <.001 |
| Prevalent cardiovascular disease | 240 (9.5%) | 185 (25.7%) | <.001 |
Values represent mean ± SD or n where indicated; % in parentheses.
*
CysC 95th percentile cut-point is 1.07 mg/L.
†
p Value is age- and sex-adjusted, except for age, which is sex-adjusted, and sex, which is age-adjusted.
‡
Waist circumference >88 cm in women or >102 cm in men.
§
<40 mg/dl in men or <50 mg/dl in women.
||
>7 drinks per week in women and >14 in men.
LDL = low density lipoprotein, BMI = body mass index, CKD = chronic kidney disease.