Table 2. Patient characteristics stratified by TB stigma, TB knowledge, and HIV knowledge.
| Characteristics | All (n = 769) | High TB stigmad (n = 500) | Low TB knowledged (n = 177) | Low HIV knowledged (n = 379) | ||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Male | 538 | (70) | 351 | (70) | 127 | (71) | 266 | (70) |
| Age>34 years old | 380 | (49) | 249 | (50) | 88 | (50) | 185 | (49) |
| TB disease classification | ||||||||
| Pulmonary TB | 537 | (70) | 365 | (73) | 108 | (61) | 253 | (67) |
| Extra-pulmonary TB | 232 | (30) | 135 | (27) | 69 | (39) | 126 | (33) |
| CD4<200 cells/µLa | 609 | (81) | 395 | (82) | 154 | (88) | 302 | (82) |
| Site | ||||||||
| Bangkok | 177 | (23) | 121 | (24) | 20 | (11) | 86 | (23) |
| National hospital | 228 | (30) | 153 | (31) | 89 | (50) | 103 | (27) |
| Ubon Ratchathani | 254 | (33) | 164 | (33) | 42 | (24) | 135 | (36) |
| Phuket | 110 | (14) | 62 | (12) | 26 | (15) | 55 | (14) |
| Severe TB diseaseb | 321 | (42) | 199 | (40) | 103 | (58) | 169 | (45) |
| Hospitalized at enrollment | 205 | (27) | 142 | (28) | 75 | (42) | 96 | (25) |
| Delay in TB diagnosisc | 368 | (48) | 243 | (49) | 76 | (43) | 178 | (47) |
| Visited traditional healer or private hospital first | 181 | (23) | 136 | (27) | 48 | (27) | 99 | (26) |
| Diagnosed with HIV before TB diagnosis | 363 | (47) | 227 | (45) | 91 | (51) | 186 | (49) |
| Know anyone with TB | 282 | (37) | 181 | (36) | 55 | (31) | 154 | (41) |
| Low TB knowledge | 177 | (23) | 116 | (23) | - | - | 115 | (30) |
| High TB stigma | 500 | (65) | - | - | 116 | (65) | 253 | (67) |
| Low HIV knowledge | 379 | (49) | 253 | (51) | 115 | (65) | - | - |
| Household has safe drinking water source | 558 | (73) | 355 | (71) | 135 | (76) | 278 | (73) |
| Household has a motorcycle | 467 | (61) | 289 | (58) | 110 | (62) | 228 | (60) |
| Household has a car | 183 | (24) | 110 | (22) | 44 | (25) | 87 | (23) |
| Household has a telephone | 564 | (73) | 372 | (74) | 129 | (73) | 264 | (70) |
| Had sexual intercourse in the past 6 months | 335 | (44) | 217 | (43) | 75 | (42) | 156 | (41) |
| Ever drank alcohol | 538 | (70) | 346 | (69) | 129 | (73) | 247 | (65) |
| Drank alcohol in past 3 months | 181 | (23) | 110 | (22) | 39 | (22) | 76 | (20) |
TB, tuberculosis; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; CD4, CD4+ T-lymphocyte.
Those with available results only.
Patients who had extra-pulmonary TB other than peripheral lymphatic TB or had all of the following characteristics: self-reported weight loss >10% of body weight, coughing up blood, difficulty breathing in past 4 weeks before TB diagnosis, and cavitary TB or >1/3 involvement of either lung at the initial evaluation.
Patients who reported having a cough lasting greater than one month before TB diagnosis or had other symptoms that lasted longer than 14 days and self-assessed these symptoms as being severe.
High TB stigma defined as TB stigma score ≥1; low TB knowledge defined as TB knowledge score<5; and low HIV knowledge defined as HIV knowledge score<5.