Table 3.
Some Examples of the Osmotic Regulating Genes Downstream in Abiotic Resistance
| Components | Metabolic Functions | Gene/Proteins |
|---|---|---|
| ROS scavenging | Increase in ROS scavenging enzymes | GP, PHGPX |
| Chaperones | Heat-/cold-/salt-shock proteins; protein folding | |
| Hsp,Csp,Ssp,DnaJ | ||
| Fructan | Osmoprotection | SacB |
| Trehalose | Osmoprotection | |
| Tps;Tpp,trehalase | ||
| Glycine betaine | Protein protection and carbon sink | codA |
| Proline | Substrate for mitochondrial respiration; redox control | P5CS/P5CR |
| Ectoine | Osmoprotectant | EctA,BC |
| K+-transporters | High affinity K+ uptake | Hkt1,Hak1 |
| K+-channels | Low affinity or dual affinity K+ uptake | Akt1, Akt |
| H2O channel proteins | Membrane cycling control | TIP |