Table 2.

Single-Equation Estimation Results for Gambling Outcomes Past Year

Explanatory Variables	Any Gambling Related Problems^a	Number of Gambling-Related Problems (conditional)^b	Number of Gambling-Related Problems (unconditional)^c
Baseline Means/Proportions	0.030	2.275	0.069

Weekly or more frequent drinking	0.013^*** [0.009,0.018]	0.041 [-0.214,0.296]	0.036^*** [0.021,0.051]

Legalized casinos in state of residence	0.008^** [0.002,0.014]	-0.062 [-0.312,0.187]	0.016^* [-0.001,0.033]
Male	0.016^*** [0.011,0.020]	-0.083 [-0.357,0.192]	0.036^*** [0.024,0.048]
Age	0.0004 [-0.0002,0.001]	0.018 [-0.025,0.061]	0.001 [-0.001,0.003]
Age squared	-0.001^** [-0.001,-0.00004]	-0.026 [-0.071,0.019]	-0.001 [-0.003,0.0005]
African American	0.007^** [0.001,0.013]	0.367^* [-0.052,0.787]	0.033^*** [0.009,0.056]
Other race except White	0.014^** [0.001,0.027]	0.286 [-0.268,0.839]	0.041^** [0.007,0.075]
Hispanic	-0.006^** [-0.011,-0.0004]	0.046 [-0.331,0.424]	-0.013 [-0.030,0.004]
Foreign born	-0.013^*** [-0.018,-0.007]	0.079 [-0.514,0.671]	-0.032^*** [-0.055,-0.009]
Divorced/Separated/Widowed	0.007^** [0.001,0.013]	0.342^* [-0.028,0.713]	0.026^** [0.004,0.048]
Single	0.007^*** [0.003,0.012]	0.364^* [-0.027,0.756]	0.029^*** [0.010,0.049]
High school education	-0.002 [-0.009,0.004]	-0.090 [-0.463,0.283]	-0.011 [-0.033,0.011]
Some post-secondary education	-0.006^* [-0.013,0.001]	-0.220 [-0.593,0.154]	-0.024^** [-0.048,-0.001]
University degree	-0.016^*** [-0.023,-0.009]	-0.215 [-0.617,0.188]	-0.050^*** [-0.076,-0.024]
Currently employed	0.003 [-0.003,0.009]	0.159 [-0.274,0.593]	0.010 [-0.008,0.029]
Currently unemployed	0.009 [-0.003,0.021]	0.506^* [-0.042,1.054]	0.046^** [0.005,0.087]
Past year equivalent income ($1,000s)	0.0002 [-0.0002,0.001]	-0.023 [-0.052,0.005]	0.0001 [-0.001,0.002]

N	41,270	1,203	41,270

Estimated with probit. Coefficients are marginal effects and were estimated at mean values for other regressors. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses.

Estimated with OLS. Sample includes respondents who experienced one or more gambling-related problems within the past year. 95% confidence intervals in brackets.

Estimated with OLS. 95% confidence intervals in brackets.

Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.10;

^**

Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05;

^***

Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01.