Table 3.

Estimation Results for Alcohol Use during the Past Year (N=41,270)

Explanatory Variables	Weekly or more Frequent Drinking	Any Drinking to Intoxication	Alcohol Abuse and/or Dependence
Baseline Proportions	0.297	0.242	0.085
Instruments
Height (inches)	0.005*** [0.003,0.007]	0.002** [0.0003,0.004]	0.001*** [0.0004,0.002]
Alcohol purchase banned on Sundays	-0.024* [-0.050,0.003]	-0.009 [-0.031,0.013]	0.004 [-0.006,0.013]
Any exemption for underage alcohol possession	0.034* [-0.001,0.068]	0.037*** [0.016,0.058]	0.007 [-0.001,0.015]
Per capita beer sales (10,000s)	0.015 [-0.032,0.062]	0.048** [0.006,0.089]	0.027*** [0.011,0.043]
Other Explanatory Variables
Male	0.153*** [0.138,0.168]	0.080*** [0.063,0.097]	0.052*** [0.044,0.060]
Age	0.004*** [0.002,0.006]	-0.007*** [-0.010,-0.005]	-0.001 [-0.002,0.001]
Age squared	-0.005*** [-0.007,-0.003]	-0.001 [-0.003,0.001]	-0.002*** [-0.003,-0.001]
African American	-0.072*** [-0.091,-0.055]	-0.103*** [-0.117,-0.089]	-0.026*** [-0.034,-0.019]
Other race except White	-0.103*** [-0.133,-0.074]	-0.067*** [-0.096,-0.037]	-0.006 [-0.022,0.009]
Hispanic	-0.058*** [-0.077,-0.038]	-0.054*** [-0.073,-0.035]	-0.009** [-0.017,-0.001]
Foreign born	-0.050*** [-0.075,-0.025]	-0.103*** [-0.116,-0.089]	-0.034*** [-0.040,-0.027]
Divorced/Separated/Widowed	0.031*** [0.015,0.046]	0.066*** [0.048,0.084]	0.057*** [0.045,0.069]
Single	0.032*** [0.013,0.051]	0.030*** [0.016,0.045]	0.034*** [0.025,0.043]
High school education	0.050*** [0.034,0.066]	0.015 [-0.004,0.034]	-0.005 [-0.013,0.003]
Some post-secondary education	0.086*** [0.067,0.105]	0.048*** [0.030,0.066]	0.003 [-0.005,0.011]
University degree	0.158*** [0.136,0.181]	0.060*** [0.039,0.081]	-0.013** [-0.023,-0.002]
Currently employed	0.024*** [0.012,0.037]	0.049*** [0.033,0.064]	0.014*** [0.006,0.023]
Currently unemployed	-0.021 [-0.049,0.006]	0.061*** [0.036,0.085]	0.022** [0.005,0.038]
Past year equivalent income ($1,000s)	0.013*** [0.009,0.017]	0.005*** [0.002,0.007]	0.001*** [0.0003,0.002]
χ2 test for joint significance of the instruments	38.18***	21.69***	18.05***

Note: All coefficient estimates are marginal effects and are estimated at mean values for other regressors. 95% confidence intervals in brackets.

^*Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.10;

^**Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.05;

^***Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01.