Change in small structures on standard leaves during leaf development in P. tomentosa. (A) Change in the total number of bowl-shaped organs (EFNs; adaxial side: n = 12 for stage 1, n = 30 for stage 2, and n = 27 for stage 3; P < 0·001; abaxial side: n = 10 for stage 1, n = 26 for stage 2, and n = 22 for stage 3; P < 0·001). (B) Change in the secretion rate of bowl-shaped organs (see text for calculation of values; n = 12 for stage 1, n = 30 for stage 2, and n = 13 for stage 3; P < 0·05). (C) Change in the density of glandular hairs (adaxial side: n = 11 for stage 1, n = 33 for stage 2 and n = 65 for stage 3; P < 0·001; abaxial side: n = 13 for stage 1, n = 33 for stage 2, n = 65 for stage 3; P > 0·05). (D) Change in the density of dendritic trichomes (adaxial side, yellow dendritic trichomes: n = 11 for stage 1, n = 33 for stage 2 and n = 65 for stage 3; P < 0·001; abaxial side, white dendritic trichomes: n = 13 for stage 1, n = 28 for stage 2, n = 34 for stage 3; P < 0·001). Error bars represent ± s.d.