Table 1.

Health service utilization by chronic opioid, acute opioid and non-opioid Groups.

Average Number of	Chronic Opioid						Acute Opioid						Non-Opioid
	All		Male		Female		All		Male		Female		All		Male		Female
	N=3726		N=1370 37%		N=2356 63%		N=37108		N=16654 45%		N=20454 55%		N=337366		N=164596 49%		N=172770 51%
	#	S.E.	#	S.E.	#	S.E.	#	S.E.	#	S.E.	#	S.E.	#	S.E.	#	S.E.	#	S.E.
# of Insurance Claims	169.29	2.25	145.52	3.31	183.12	2.97	57.12	0.34	47.16	0.50	65.23	0.46	28.54	0.08	23.23	0.10	33.60	0.12
Mean of Distinct Diagnosed ICD9s	20.66	0.23	17.70	0.35	22.38	0.29	11.61	0.04	9.74	0.06	13.06	0.06	7.79	0.01	6.64	0.01	8.76	0.02
Doctors/Providers Seen by Patient*	9.81	0.12	8.57	0.19	10.52	0.15	6.34	0.02	5.46	0.03	7.02	0.03	3.39	0.01	2.68	0.01	4.06	0.01
Office Visits	16.91	0.25	14.80	0.38	18.14	0.33	8.67	0.05	7.46	0.07	9.58	0.07	5.06	0.01	4.20	0.02	5.89	0.02
ER Visits	0.62	0.03	0.53	0.04	0.67	0.04	0.31	0.00	0.32	0.01	0.30	0.00	0.11	0.00	0.10	0.00	0.11	0.00
Hospital Days	1.66	0.09	1.42	0.14	1.80	0.12	0.56	0.02	0.45	0.03	0.64	0.02	0.22	0.01	0.18	0.01	0.26	0.02

^*Excluding Radiologists and Pathologists; SAS multiple GLM (General linear models) procedures were used to specify statistically significant differences (independent variables: Groups and Female). All esitimated parameters were significant at p<0.01. Post hoc test of group differences were all significant at p<0.01; Post hoc tests of gender differences were all significant at p<0.05.