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Field of logarithmic strain components: logarithmic shear strain in the same plane as the figure LE12 (A, C) and logarithmic normal strain in the vertical upward direction LE22 (B, D). These strains were calculated for the root pattern T1-0 in soil types S1 (A, B) and S2 (C, D). Associated displacement fields are shown for both soil types (red arrows correspond to the total displacement of mesh nodes).
