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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2009 Jan 23;163(1-2):109–116. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.01.003

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Exogenous melatonin imposes metabolic and clock gene rhythms in diencephalic astrocytes. A) Under constant conditions, opposing cycles of rhythmic melatonin (nM) administration, either during the night or during the day, elicited rhythmic uptake of glucose in the cultures, such that 2DG uptake was higher during the time which melatonin was not present (n=4). B) The gPer3 mRNA rhythm under the MN cycle (n=3 sample replicates) was 180° antiphase with respect to the rhythm generated under the MD cycle (n=3 sample replicates). C) The gPer2 mRNA rhythm under the MN cycle (n=3 sample replicates) was 180° antiphase with respect to the rhythm generated under the MD cycle (n=3 sample replicates). D) No clear pattern of gCry1 expression was evident under either condition (n=3 sample replicates each). For determined rhythmic cycles, significant differences between peak-to-trough values are indicated by # (p<0.05) or * (p<0.001). Comparisons were made between the first observed peak and trough for each day for each treatment (from Paulose et al. in press).