Fig. 1.

Pulsed-laser irradiation (790 nm, 62 fs, 3 nJ/pulse, 90 MHz) induces micro-bubble formation and GPMV formation in both continuous and primary human cell lines and a rat fibroblast line. Each bright field micrograph shows one irradiated cell (as indicated by the arrow) and vesicle formation on the plasma membrane. Micrographs also include control cells within view for direct observation of the effects of irradiation. The varieties of GPMVs shown here are also present in cells within a single cell line. The cellular response to irradiation is not specific to any particular cell type, but rather seems to be a general response to pulsed-laser irradiation by cells. An interesting exception is found for mouse red blood cells (RBCs) which, although clearly damaged, do not form vesicles as a result of ir1radiation, as shown in the bottom right image