. 2009 Jun 11;28(1):79. doi: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-79

Table 3.

Controlled Clinical Studies on VAE Treatment in Breast and Gynaecological Cancer: Survival

Site	Stage	Intervention (evaluable patients)	Survival Outcomes					Author, year, reference

			Years (median)	Hazard ratio	5-year survival and others	P-value	95% CI
Randomized controlled trials

Breast	T1a-3, N0, M0	Iscador (38)	14.8	0.65		0.2	0.34–1.25	Grossarth 2006a [52,53,135]

		None (38)	13.8

	IIIA–IIIB	Iscador (17)	6.3	0.46		0.13	0.16–1.31	Grossarth 2001a [59,135,166]

		None (17)	2.3

	T1-3, N0-3, M0, local recurrence	Surgery, radiation^I, Helixor (192)	Not applicable^II		69.1% 5-year survival	0.048		Gutsch 1988 [62]

		Surgery, radiation^I, CMF (177)			67.7% 5-year survival	0.025

		Surgery, radiation^I(274)			59.7% 5-year survival

Breast, others	All stages	Iscador (39)	3.5 (mean)			0.04		Grossarth 2001b [59]

		None (39)	2.5 (mean)

Cervix	IVA-B	Iscador (19)	1.83	0.46		0.12	0.18–1.21	Grossarth 2007c [51]

		None (19)	1.92

Uterus	IA-C	Iscador (30)	6.29	0.36		0.014	0.16–0.82	Grossarth 2008a [49]

		None (30)	5.17

	IVA-B	Iscador (26)	1.5	1		0.99	0.46–2.16	Grossarth 2008b [49]

		None (26)	2.0

Ovary	IA–IC	Iscador (21)	6.75	0.40		0.058	0.15–1.03	Grossarth 2007a [50]

		None (21)	5.58

	IV	Iscador (20)	2.75	0.33		0.033	0.12–0.92	Grossarth 2007b [50]

		None (20)	1.58

Non-randomized controlled studies

Breast	T1-3, N0, M0	Iscador (84)^III	11.75	0.42		0.0002	0.27–0.68	Grossarth 2006b [52,53,135]

		None (84)	10.13

	Local recurrence, N0, M0	Iscador (29)^IV	5.17			0.0025		Grossarth 2001b [59,135]

		None (29)	4.33

	T1-4, N>1, M0	Iscador (38)^IV	4.04			0.0516		Ø same study

		None (38)	3.17

	TX, NX, M1	Iscador (53)^IV	3.08			0.0056		Ø same study

		None (53)	2.17

	I–III	Iscador, (76)			29% alive 1985, after 11–14 years	not shown		Salzer 1987 [66]

		Radiation, hormone (79)			24% alive 1985, after 11–14 years

Cervix	IB-IVA	Iscador (102)^III	7.17	0.41		<0.0001	0.27–0.63	Grossarth 2007f [51]

		None (102)	5.92

	IV	Iscador (66)^III	2.33	0.54		0.015	0.32–0.89	Grossarth 2007g [51]

		None (66)	1.83

	I–III	Radiation, Iscador (81)			83% 5-year survival	0.05		Fellmer 1966 [67]

		Radiation (709)			69% 5-year survival

Uterus	IIIA–IVB	Iscador (95)^III	2.75	0.61		0.023	0.39–0.93	Grossarth 2008c [49]

		None (95)	1.67

	IA-C	Iscador (103)^III	8.75	0.41		<0.0001	0.26–0.63	Grossarth 2008d [49]

		None (103)	6.67

Ovary	IA–IC	Iscador (75)^III	6.83	0.47		0.0002	0.31–0.69	Grossarth 2007d [50]

		None (75)	5.83

	IV	Iscador (62)^III	1.79	0.62		0.077	0.37–1.05	Grossarth 2007e [50]

		None (62)	1.17

Genital	All stages	Surgery^I, radiation^I, Iscador (155)			Disease-specific survival partly improved	not shown		Majewski 1963 [68]

		Surgery^I, radiation^I,(not shown)

Retrolective pharmaco-epidemiological cohort studies

Breast	I–III	Conventional therapy, Iscador (710)		0.46		0.038	0.22–0.96	Bock 2004 [70]

		Conventional therapy (732)

	I–IV	Conventional therapy, Eurixor (219)			No difference observed^V			Schumacher 2003 [71,72]

		Conventional therapy (470)

^ICo-intervention (i.e. radiation) applied to part of the group

^IINot applicable since more than 50% alive at study termination

^IIIData from complete set of patient pairs reported

^IVData only from patient pairs with strict matching reported

^VNo difference could be found due to limited observation time (median < 10 months)

CMF: Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil

P-value, 95% CI (confidence interval): Statistical significance of difference between mistletoe (or other verum) and control group.