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. 2009 May 6;96(9):3555–3572. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.023

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Effect of thermal fluctuations and force on a discrete, initially planar membrane. After application of a pushing force (from an actin bundle), the membrane bends by an amount that depends upon both the magnitude of the force and the energy landscape of the system of repellers and receptors molecules and the elasticity of the membrane. The membrane height at each lattice point is shown with respect to the base of the focal plate.