Figure 2.

(a) Typical TG signals (dotted lines) of NpHR at [Cl⁻] = 300 mM at q² = (i) 2.54 × 10¹² m⁻², (ii) 1.91 × 10¹² m⁻², and (iii) 4.17 × 10¹¹ m⁻². The best-fitted curve by Eq. 4 is shown by the solid lines. (b) Amplified TG signal (dotted lines) on a long timescale at q² = 2.54 × 10¹² m⁻². The best-fitted curve by Eq. 4 is shown by the solid line. D_P was determined from the decay rate of this part of the curve. (c) The amplified signal (dotted lines) in 0.4–1.5 ms range at various q of NpHR. q²-values were 3.80 × 10¹¹ m⁻², 1.91 × 10¹² m⁻², and 2.54 × 10¹² m⁻². It should be noted that the signals appear to decay slower at increasing q². The best-fitted curve using Eq. 4 is shown by the solid lines.