Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population.
| Characteristic | All (n=1,496) | Cases (n=748) | Controls (n=748) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physiologic/Lifestyle | ||||
| Age (y) | 43 (36-49) | 43 (36-49) | 43 (36-49) | matching factor |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 (19.6-29.2) | 25.1 (20.1-29.3) | 23.2 (19.1-28.8) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (METS) | 12.4 (0.9-56.9) | 11.2 (0.8-51.5) | 13.4 (1.0-62.1) | 0.002 |
| Current smoker (%) | 5.2 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 0.29 |
| Past smoker (%) | 22,7 | 23.5 | 21.9 | 0.46 |
| Alcohol intake (g/d) | 1.6 (0-17.5) | 1.5 (0-20.0) | 1.8 (0-15.0) | 0.78 |
| SBP (mmHg)* | 120 (100-140) | 130 (110-140) | 110 (100-130) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg)* | 70 (60-87) | 80 (70-90) | 70 (60-80) | <0.001 |
| Family history of hypertension (%) | 55.1 | 62.8 | 47.3 | <0.001 |
| Fasting biomarkers | ||||
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 3.9 (2.7-5.6) | 4.1 (2.8-5.8) | 3.7 (2.5-5.5) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 85 (65-112) | 86 (64-114) | 84 (66-109) | 0.18 |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 4.6 (1.2-13.2) | 5.3 (1.4-15.6) | 4.0 (1.1-10.1) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 78 (40-190) | 88 (44-214) | 70 (39-170) | <0.001 |
| MFFM | 9.6 (6.0-15.0) | 8.9 (5.5-14.0) | 10.2 (6.5-15.9) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 186 (140-245) | 191 (143-252) | 181 (137-235) | <0.001 |
| Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 11.6 (8.2-18.3) | 11.9 (8.4-19.8) | 11.3 (7.9-17.0) | <0.001 |
| sICAM (ng/mL) | 241 (182-329) | 245 (186-334) | 238 (179-319) | <0.001 |
*
Systolic and diastolic BPs were reported by participants in categories (see text).
Continuous variables are expressed as median (5th-95th percentile). Categorical variables are expressed as percent.
Continuous variables were analyzed using the Wicoxon rank-sum test, and categorical variables with the chi square test.