Table 2.
Comparison of homicide characteristics when female was victim relative to when male was victim (regardless of sex of perpetrator)
| Characteristic | Sex of victim | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | |||||
|
|
||||||
| Male offender | 93.8 | 94.7 | 0.84 (0.31–2.34) | .748 | -- | |
| Female offender | 6.2 | 5.3 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Alcohola | ||||||
| Offender drinking | 65.5 | 63.2 | 1.10 (0.66–1.81) | .724 | ||
| Victim drinking | 31.0 | 47.8 | 0.51 (0.31–0.84) | .009 | 0.35 (0.18–0.71) | .003 |
| Both drinking | 29.2 | 40.2 | 0.62 (0.37–1.03) | .064 | ||
| Neither drinking | 32.7 | 30.2 | 1.14 (0.68–1.90) | .625 | ||
| Weaponb | ||||||
| Gun | 3.5 | 12.5 | 0.26 (0.09–0.78) | .016 | 0.39 (0.10–1.56) | .181 |
| Knife | 42.5 | 48.8 | 0.77 (0.47–1.24) | .274 | ||
| Bodily force | 32.7 | 19.7 | 1.56 (0.89–2.73) | .122 | ||
| Time | ||||||
| 6:00 p.m.–6:00 a.m. | 69.9 | 73.9 | 0.75 (0.43–1.32) | .320 | ||
| Weekend | 34.8 | 36.7 | 0.93 (0.56–1.53) | .763 | ||
| Winter | 43.3 | 45.0 | 0.95 (0.59–1.53) | .834 | ||
| Relationshipc | ||||||
| Intimate | 18.6 | 3.0 | 7.48 (2.73–20.50) | < .001 | 13.80 (3.86–49.44) | < .001 |
| Family member | 12.5 | 6.6 | 2.04 (0.89–4.68) | .091 | ||
| Acquaintance | 36.2 | 46.7 | 0.64 (0.39–1.05) | .078 | ||
| Stranger | 28.3 | 34.9 | 0.71 (0.43–1.20) | .201 | ||
| Contextd | ||||||
| Jealousy | 6.2 | 2.4 | 2.74 (0.78–9.59) | .115 | ||
| Rape | 15.9 | 0.6 | 32.02 (4.21–243.64) | .001 | ||
| Acute argument | 22.1 | 36.1 | 0.50 (0.29–0.87) | .013 | 0.98 (0.47–2.04) | .954 |
| Profit | 31.0 | 21.3 | 1.60 (0.93–2.75) | .088 | ||
| Location | ||||||
| Home | 75.2 | 45.2 | 3.72 (2.20–6.27) | < .001 | 2.82 (1.53–5.18) | .001 |
| Public place | 23.9 | 51.2 | 0.30 (0.18–0.50) | < .001 | ||
| Hide crime | 38.9 | 23.7 | 2.06 (1.23–3.45) | .006 | 1.98 (1.02–3.83) | .043 |
| Victim precipitated | 5.3 | 34.3 | 0.10 (0.04–0.25) | < .001 | 0.13 (0.05–0.35) | < .001 |
| Premeditated | 28.3 | 36.7 | 0.68 (0.40–1.13) | .136 | 0.53 (0.27–1.05) | .069 |
When “victim drinking” was replaced with “both drinking” in the full model, inferences for all other variables remained the same. For both drinking: adjusted odds ratio = 0.41 (CI: 0.21–0.82), p-value = .011.
When gun was replaced with bodily force, inferences for all other variables remained the same. For bodily force: adjusted odds ratio = 1.15 (CI: 0.55–2.39), p-value = .720.
When intimate was replaced (individually) with family, acquaintance, and stranger, inferences for all other variables remained the same, except that hide crime became nonsignificant (with p-values ranging from .075 to .170). Results for family and acquaintance were nonsignificant. For stranger: adjusted odds ratio = 0.48 (CI: 0.24–0.94), p-value = .033.
When acute argument was replaced (individually) with jealousy and profit, inferences for all other variables remained the same, and the results for both were nonsignificant. When it was replaced with rape, hide crime became nonsignificant and the p-value for premeditated (which is nearly significant in all other models) increased substantially (to .539). For rape: adjusted odds ratio = 40.79 (CI: 4.70–354.23), p-value = .001.