Table 4.
Comparison of homicide characteristics when both victim and offender were male relative to all other incidents
| Characteristic | Male victim and male offender? | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
|
|
||||||
| Male victim | 100.0 | 7.3 | -- | -- | ||
| Female victim | -- | 91.9 | -- | -- | ||
| Alcohola | ||||||
| Offender drinking | 64.3 | 64.2 | 1.00 (0.61–1.64) | .992 | ||
| Victim drinking | 45.4 | 35.5 | 1.51 (0.92–2.46) | .101 | 1.45 (0.78–2.68) | .236 |
| Both drinking | 40.0 | 30.1 | 1.55 (0.94–2.55) | .085 | ||
| Neither drinking | 31.3 | 30.9 | 1.02 (0.61–1.69) | .949 | ||
| Weaponb | ||||||
| Gun | 13.2 | 3.2 | 4.53 (1.51–13.56) | .007 | 2.45 (0.71–8.47) | .158 |
| Knife | 50.3 | 41.5 | 1.43 (0.89–2.30) | .140 | ||
| Bodily force | 19.5 | 26.8 | 0.66 (0.38–1.16) | .146 | ||
| Time | ||||||
| 6:00 p.m.–6:00 a.m. | 77.6 | 73.1 | 1.28 (0.73–2.23) | .390 | ||
| Weekend | 36.1 | 36.0 | 0.99 (0.60–1.61) | .960 | ||
| Winter | 44.5 | 43.9 | 1.02 (0.64–1.64) | .037 | ||
| Relationshipc | ||||||
| Intimate | 0.0 | 21.1 | -- | -- | ||
| Family member | 5.6 | 13.0 | 0.40 (0.17–0.94) | .035 | 0.64 (0.24–1.68) | .364 |
| Acquaintance | 48.1 | 35.0 | 1.77 (1.09–2.87) | .021 | ||
| Stranger | 36.9 | 26.8 | 1.62 (0.97–2.71) | .064 | ||
| Contextd | ||||||
| Jealousy | 2.5 | 5.7 | 0.43 (0.12–1.49) | .180 | ||
| Rape | 0.6 | 14.6 | 0.04 (0.01–0.28) | .001 | ||
| Acute argument | 37.5 | 21.1 | 2.26 (1.32–3.88) | .003 | 2.04 (1.06–3.94) | .034 |
| Profit | 22.5 | 29.3 | 0.71 (0.41–1.21) | .207 | ||
| Location | ||||||
| Home | 42.8 | 75.6 | 0.24 (0.14–0.41) | < .001 | .028 (0.16–0.50) | < .001 |
| Public place | 53.5 | 23.6 | 3.72 (2.21–6.26) | < .001 | ||
| Hide crime | 23.9 | 37.4 | 0.53 (0.31–0.88) | .015 | 0.66 (0.35–1.24) | .198 |
| Victim precipitated | 32.1 | 11.4 | 3.67 (1.92–7.04) | < .001 | 2.28 (1.10–4.71) | .026 |
| Premeditated | 38.6 | 26.8 | 1.72 (1.03–2.86) | .039 | 2.13 (1.13–4.03) | .020 |
When “victim drinking” was replaced with “both drinking” in the full model, inferences for all other variables remained the same. For both drinking: adjusted odds ratio = 1.76 (CI: 0.96–3.24), p-value = .070.
When gun was replaced (individually) with knife and bodily force, inferences for all other variables remained the same. Results for knife and bodily force were nonsignificant.
When family was replaced (individually) with acquaintance and stranger, inferences for all other variables remained the same (though the p-value for victim drinking dropped substantially (to .11) in the latter model). For acquaintance: adjusted odds ratio = 1.63 (CI: 0.93–2.84), p-value = .086. For stranger: adjusted odds ratio = 2.01 (CI: 1.03–3.89), p-value = .039.
When acute argument was replaced (individually) with jealousy and profit, all other inferences remained the same, and the results for both were nonsignificant. When it was replaced with rape, all inferences remained the same, except for premeditated (p = .268). For rape: adjusted odds ratio = 0.03 (CI: 0.01–.027), p-value = .033.