Fig. 14.

Evolution of helobial endosperm development in angiosperms. In all cases except for the Commelinales and eudicots, the character state assigned to the group has been resolved as the ancestral condition for that group based on the present analysis. The ancestral conditions within Commelinales and eudicots are unresolved, and are classified here as polymorphic. (A) Phylogeny of Soltis et al. (2007). (B) Phylogeny of Graham et al. (2006). Parsimony analysis reveals that helobial endosperm development evolved in the common ancestor of all monocots excluding the Acorales.