Table 1.
List of plant species at the study site with the frequency of occurrence in all plots and in Thesium plots
| Frequency of occurrence (%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species | Growth form‡ | Native species§ | Haustorial formation | All plots (n = 209) | Thesium plots (n = 60) |
| Artemisia capillaris (Asteraceae)# | p | n | Yes | 125 (59·8) | 36 (60·0) |
| Galium verum (Rubiaceae)# | p | n | Yes | 59 (28·2) | 20 (33·3) |
| Eragrostis curvula (Poaceae)# | p | a | Yes | 58 (27·8) | 24 (40·0)* |
| Diodia teres (Rubiaceae)# | p | a | Yes | 57 (27·3) | 9 (15·0)† |
| Lespedeza juncea (Fabaceae)# | p | n | Yes | 50 (23·9) | 23 (38·3)** |
| Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae)# | p | n | Yes | 27 (12·9) | 8 (13·3) |
| Vicia sepium (Fabaceae)# | a | n | Yes | 26 (12·4) | 12 (20·0) |
| Viola mandshurica (Violaceae)# | p | n | Yes | 24 (11·5) | 5 (8·3) |
| Briza maxma (Poaceae) | a | a | Yes | 14 (6·7) | 4 (6·7) |
| Cerastium glomeratum (Caryophyllaceae) | b | a | 11 (5·3) | 6 (10·0) | |
| Oxalis corniculata (Oxialidaceae) | p | n | Yes | 10 (4·8) | 1 (1·7) |
| Andropogon virginicus (Poaceae) | p | a | Yes | 9 (4·3) | 1 (1·7) |
| Erigeron annuus (Asteraceae) | a | n | Yes | 8 (3·8) | 2 (3·3) |
| Fabaceae sp. (Fabaceae) | a | a | Yes | 7 (3·3) | 2 (3·3) |
| Artemisia princeps (Asteraceae) | p | n | Yes | 6 (2·9) | 1 (1·7) |
| Oenothera erythrosepala (Onagraceae) | b | a | 6 (2·9) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Dianthus superbus (Caryophyllaceae) | p | n | Yes | 5 (2·4) | 2 (3·3) |
| Bulbostylis barbata (Cyperaceae) | a | n | 5 (2·4) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Cymbopogon tortilis (Poaceae) | p | n | Yes | 5 (2·4) | 2 (3·3) |
| Leonurus sibiricus (Lamiaceae) | p | n | 4 (1·9) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Potentilla chinensis (Rosaceae) | p | n | Yes | 3 (1·4) | 1 (1·7) |
| Rubia argyi (Rubiaceae) | p | n | 3 (1·4) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Galium sprium (Rubiaceae) | b | n | 3 (1·4) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Agrostis sp. (Poaceae) | p | a | Yes | 3 (1·4) | 1 (1·7) |
| Sporobolus fertilis (Poaceae) | p | n | Yes | 3 (1·4) | 1 (1·7) |
| Pueraria lobata (Fabaceae) | p | n | Yes | 3 (1·4) | 1 (1·7) |
| Oenothera laciniata (Onagraceae) | b | a | 2 (1·0) | 1 (1·7) | |
| Carex sp. (Cyperaceae) | p | n | Yes | 2 (1·0) | 0 (0·0) |
| Rumex japonicus (Polygonaceae) | p | n | 2 (1·0) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Setaria faberi (Poaceae) | a | n | 2 (1·0) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Lamium purpureum (Lamiaceae) | b | a | 2 (1·0) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) | a | a | 2 (1·0) | 1 (1·7) | |
| Digitaria adscendens (Poaceae) | a | n | 1 (0·5) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Erigeron philadelphicus (Asteraceae) | p | n | 1 (0·5) | 1 (1·7) | |
| Arundinella hirta (Poaceae) | p | n | 1 (0·5) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Erigeron sumatrensis (Asteraceae) | b | a | 1 (0·5) | 0 (0·0) | |
| Sedum bulbiferum (Crassulaceae) | b | n | Yes | 1 (0·5) | 0 (0·0) |
| Akebia quinata (Lardizabalaceae) | p | n | 1 (0·5) | 1 (1·7) | |
‡ a, Annual; b, biennial; p, perennial.
§ n, Native; a, alien.
# Tested for significance of association using Fisher's exact test.
* P < 0·05, ** P < 0·01 positive association with Thesium plants.
† P < 0·05 negative association with Thesium plants.