Table 3.

Interventions in the CDW- and MLW-Cohorts

	CDW		MLW
	n = 201	%	n = 252	%	OR	95% CI	OR*	95% CI
Mode of delivery
Spontaneous vaginal	161	80.1	205	81.3	0.9	0.6–1.5	0.9	0.6–1.5
Forceps	8	4.0	12	4.8	0.8	0.3–2.1	0.8	0.3–2.0
Vacuum extraction	16	8.0	17	6.7	1.2	0.6–2.4	1.6	0.7–3.5
Emergency caesarean section	14	7.0	16	6.3	1.1	0.5–2.3	1.0	0.5–2.2
Pharmacological pain relief
Epidural analgesia	126	62.7	61	24.2	5.3	3.5–7.9	4.9	3.2–7.4	**
Opiates	6	3.0	42	16.7	0.2	0.1–0.4	0.1	0.05–0.3	**
Nitrous oxide	49	24.4	10	4.0	7.8	3.8–15.9	7.7	3.7–16.1	**
Pudental nerve block	22	10.9	10	4.0	3.0	1.4–6.4	3.5	1.6–7.8	**
Non-pharmacological pain relief
Acupuncture	17	8.5	93	36.9	0.2	0.1–0.3	0.2	0.1–0.3	**
Sterile water injections	9	4.5	25	9.9	0.4	0.2–0.9	0.4	0.2–0.99	**
Bathing	85	42.3	164	65.1	0.4	0.3–0.6	0.4	0.3–0.6	**
Episiotomy	73	36.3	72	28.6	1.4	0.97–2.1	1.6	1.05–2.4	**

CDW: Conventional delivery ward

MLW: midwife-led ward

*Adjusted for: maternal age, smoking, education and marital status

OR: odds ratio

CI: confidence interval

** significant after adjusting