Table 4.

Plasma antioxidant concentrations at baseline and after seven days of PN in the cardiovascular/colonic and pancreatic surgical cohorts.

	Baseline				Day 7
	Non-pancreatic surgery		Pancreatic surgery		Non-pancreatic surgery		Pancreatic surgery
Metabolite	Mean ± SE	% below normal range	Mean ± SE	% below normal range	Mean ± SE	% below normal range	Mean ± SE	% below normal range
GSH (1.50–2.50 µM)	1.70±0.18	50	1.17±0.12†	68	1.75±0.16	40	1.27±0.18	57
Vitamin C (0.40–2.20 mg/dL)	0.41±0.09	71	0.45±0.06	46	0.82±0.21*	48	0.60±0.10	45
α-tocopherol (500–1800 µg/dL)	703±59	24	713±54	17	921±88*	13	863±53*	5
Zinc (70–130 µg/dL) a	58±4	75	75±6†	61	83±5*	36*	99±6*	15*

Data shown as mean ± SE.

^†P<0.05 non-pancreatic versus pancreatic surgery subgroups;

^*P<0.05 Day 7 versus baseline values.