Table 1.

Potential cutaneous melanoma biomarkers detected by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays

Biomarker	Observation	Ref.
Hsp90	Increased expression in melanomas compared with nevi and in metastatic compared with primary tumours. Correlation with tumour thickness and higher Clark level. No association seen between high expression and survival in the subsets of patients with primary or metastatic tumours.	[23]
RGS1	Correlation with increased tumour thickness, mitotic rate and vascular involvement; reduced RFS and DSS.	[24]
Osteopontin	Correlation with increased tumour thickness, higher Clark level, mitotic index; reduced RFS and DSS; predictive of SLN metastasis and SLN burden.	[25]
HER3	Correlation with increased cell proliferation, tumour progression; reduced survival.	[26]
ING4	Reduced levels associated with melanoma thickness, ulceration and poor DSS and OS.	[27]
ING3	Reduced nuclear expression associated with poor DSS; an independent prognostic factor to predict patient outcome.	[28]
NCOA3	Increased levels predictive of SLN metastasis and associated with poor RFS and DSS.	[29]
MCM4	Increased levels associated with poor DFS and OS.	[5]
MCM6	Increased levels associated with poor DFS and OS.	[5]

DFS, disease-free survival; DSS, disease-specific survival; IHC, immunohistochemistry; OS, overall survival; RFS, relapse-free survival; SLN, sentinel lymph node.