Table 3.
Concentrations of PAHs in the soil by area categories: industrial, agricultural, remote, recreational, urban, and school areas
| Industrial (n = 9) | Agricultural (n=17) | Remotes (n = 22) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Max | Median | Mean | Min | Max | Median | Mean | Min | Max | Median | Mean | |
| Acenaphthene | ND | 1.7 | ND | 0.3 | ND | 1.6 | ND | 0.2 | ND | 2.5 | ND | 0.3 |
| Acenaphthylene | ND | 1.4 | ND | 0.3 | ND | 0.9 | ND | 0.1 | ND | 2.0 | ND | 0.2 |
| Anthracene | ND | 18.3 | 2.5 | 5.5 | ND | 3.2 | ND | 0.2 | ND | 4.0 | ND | 0.2 |
| Benzo[a]anthracene | ND | 130.8 | ND | 18.3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Benzo[a]pyrene | ND | 138.6 | ND | 30.7 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 364.6 | ND | 19.0 |
| Benzo[b]fluoranthene | ND | 267.5 | ND | 33.1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Benzo[g,h,i]perylene | ND | 189.2 | ND | 22.1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Benzo[k]fluoranthene | ND | 238.3 | ND | 33.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Chrysene | ND | 312.5 | 18.5 | 59.5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Flouranthene | ND | 437.2 | 39.7 | 77.2 | ND | 11.5 | 0.5 | 2.6 | ND | 15.1 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
| Flourene | ND | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | ND | 0.6 | ND | 0.1 | ND | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene | ND | 50.5 | ND | 5.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Naphthalene | 2.1 | 31.6 | 8.2 | 12.0 | 1.9 | 12.5 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 16.1 | 2.6 | 4.6 |
| Phenanthrene | ND | 101.6 | 8.6 | 17.3 | ND | 9.7 | 0.2 | 1.5 | ND | 5.2 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
| Pyrene | ND | 343.7 | 34.8 | 66.6 | ND | 10.4 | 0.4 | 2.3 | ND | 29.6 | 0.7 | 3.8 |
| Total PAHs | 6.3 | 2225.5 | 131.3 | 382.3 | 0.1 | 31.3 | 10.6 | 12.6 | 0.5 | 379.6 | 10.4 | 32.0 |
| Recreational (n = 22) | Urban (n = 14) | Schools (n = 23) | ||||||||||
| Min | Max | Median | Mean | Min | Max | Median | Mean | Min | Max | Median | Mean | |
| Acenaphthene | ND | 8.4 | 0.7 | 1.3 | ND | 1.0 | ND | 0.2 | ND | 175.8 | ND | 8.7 |
| Acenaphthylene | ND | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | ND | 10.9 | ND | 0.8 | ND | 138.1 | ND | 6.5 |
| Anthracene | ND | 131.5 | 0.4 | 8.8 | ND | 69.5 | ND | 7.4 | ND | 101.0 | 1.6 | 6.9 |
| Benzo[a]anthracene | ND | 131.2 | ND | 11.1 | ND | 2.7 | ND | 0.3 | ND | 60.1 | ND | 4.4 |
| Benzo[a]pyrene | ND | 105.2 | ND | 5.5 | ND | 39.5 | ND | 2.8 | ND | 11.4 | ND | 1.9 |
| Benzo[b]fluoranthene | ND | 197.6 | ND | 10.2 | ND | 4.0 | ND | 0.6 | ND | 22.6 | ND | 1.6 |
| Benzo[g,h,i]perylene | ND | ND | ND | 0.0 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Benzo[k]fluoranthene | ND | 100.4 | ND | 4.8 | ND | 6.4 | ND | 0.6 | ND | 24.0 | ND | 2.3 |
| Chrysene | ND | 346.6 | ND | 25.3 | ND | 31.2 | ND | 2.7 | ND | 202.4 | ND | 12.6 |
| Flouranthene | ND | 538.5 | 22.9 | 47.6 | ND | 125.9 | 5.0 | 19.2 | ND | 468.3 | 6.7 | 31.5 |
| Flourene | ND | 2.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | ND | 6.8 | ND | 0.7 | ND | 220.4 | ND | 11.5 |
| Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene | ND | 13.8 | ND | 0.6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Naphthalene | 1.4 | 32.3 | 10.4 | 12.7 | 0.9 | 34.2 | 5.3 | 7.9 | 2.5 | 23.4 | 7.1 | 8.9 |
| Phenanthrene | ND | 111.5 | 10.4 | 16.9 | ND | 76.2 | 4.3 | 11.8 | ND | 203.6 | 2.4 | 12.3 |
| Pyrene | ND | 397.1 | 20.4 | 38.0 | ND | 94.2 | 4.7 | 15.9 | ND | 370.9 | 5.5 | 24.9 |
| Total PAHs | 5.7 | 2092.5 | 94.1 | 184.3 | 1.3 | 320.1 | 38.3 | 57.4 | 11.9 | 1493.7 | 31.6 | 133.9 |
ND: not detected. All levels were reported in µg kg−1 dry weight basis.