. 2009 May 26;58(8):1776–1779. doi: 10.2337/db08-1773

TABLE 1.

Descriptive characteristics of participants (n = 376) at baseline and follow-up: the Medical Research Council Ely Study, 1994–2003

	Total (n = 376)		Men (n = 166)		Women (n = 210)
	Baseline	Follow-up	Baseline	Follow-up	Baseline	Follow-up
Age (years)	49.4 ± 7.7	55.0 ± 7.9^*	49.6 ± 8.1	55.2 ± 8.3^*	49.2 ± 7.4	54.8 ± 7.5^*
Height (cm)	168.7 ± 8.7	168.5 ± 8.6^†	175.7 ± 6.3	175.4 ± 6.2^†	163.2 ± 6.0^‡	163.1 ± 6.0^‡
Weight (kg)	75.0 ± 13.7	76.3 ± 15.4^*	82.8 ± 10.6	83.7 ± 12.0^†	68.8 ± 12.7^‡	70.3 ± 15.2^*^‡
BMI (kg/m²)	26.3 ± 3.9	26.7 ± 4.6^*	26.8 ± 2.9	27.2 ± 3.4^*	25.8 ± 4.5	26.4 ± 5.3^*
Fat mass (kg)	22.2 ± 7.8	24.4 ± 9.2^*	19.1 ± 5.4	21.3 ± 6.4^*	24.7 ± 8.5^‡	26.9 ± 10.4^*^‡
FFM (kg)	52.8 ± 11.5	51.8 ± 11.5^*	63.7 ± 6.8	62.4 ± 7.4^*	44.1 ± 5.5^‡	43.5 ± 6.0^*^‡
Waist circumference (cm)	85.9 ± 12.0	90.5 ± 13.0^*	94.3 ± 8.5	98.2 ± 9.7^*	79.3 ± 10.2^‡	84.5 ± 12.1^*^‡
Current smokers (%)	16.8	—	15.1	—	18.1	—
Vo_2max (ml · kg FFM⁻¹ · min⁻¹)	44.9 ± 11.6	56.5 ± 13.4^*	46.3 ± 10.9	58.0 ± 12.2^*	43.8 ± 12.0	55.4 ± 14.2^*
Flex–heart rate	76.1 ± 10.1	81.5 ± 11.1^*	73.1 ± 9.5	77.7 ± 9.8^*	78.4 ± 9.9^‡	84.6 ± 11.0^*^‡
Time spent sedentary (% of total time)	32.9 ± 20.6	51.7 ± 22.8^*	30.7 ± 19.9	47.2 ± 21.5^*	34.7 ± 20.9	55.2 ± 23.2^*^‡
MVPA (% of total time)	1.9 ± 3.4	1.9 ± 2.2	2.2 ± 3.1	2.2 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 3.6	1.7 ± 2.8
Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l)	38.1 (35.9–40.4)	45.6 (42.6–48.7)^*	41.7 (38.2–45.6)	52.6 (48.1–57.5)^*	35.4 (32.8–38.3)	40.7 (37.0–44.7)^*^‡
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)	4.9 (4.8–4.9)	5.4 (5.3–5.4)^*	5.0 (4.9–5.1)	5.6 (5.5–5.7)^*	4.7 (4.7–4.8)^‡	5.2 (5.1–5.3)^*^‡
HOMA-IR	1.37 (1.28–1.46)	1.80 (1.67–1.94)^*	1.54 (1.40–1.70)	2.19 (1.98–2.41)^*	1.24 (1.15–1.35)^‡	1.54 (1.39–1.71)^*^‡

Data are means ± SD or geometric means (95% CI).

*P < 0.001,

†P < 0.05 for baseline vs. follow-up,

P < 0.001 for men vs. women. FFM, fat-free mass.