. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 May;200(5):489.e1–489.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.01.030

Table 3.

Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between hormonal contraception and oncogenic HPV DNA positivity.

	Negative (n=107)^*	Positive (n=151)^*

Contraceptive Type	n (%)	n (%)	OR_adj^†	95% CI
DMPA
Recent user^‡	17 (16)	32 (21)	1.6	0.7, 3.7
≥1 years of use	5 (5)	20 (13)	4.7	1.4, 15.8
<1 years of use	12 (11)	12 (8)	0.7	0.3, 2.1
Former user	12 (11)	21 (14)	1.5	0., 3.6
Never user	77 (73)	98 (65)	1.0
COC
Recent user^‡	66 (62)	87 (58)	0.6	0.3, 1.5
≥1 years of use	32 (30)	48 (32)	0.8	0.3, 2.0
<1 years of use	34 (32)	39 (26)	0.5	0.2, 1.2
Former user	23 (22)	33 (22)	0.9	0.3, 2.3
Never user	17 (16)	31 (20)	1.0

One woman in the negative histology group was excluded from the analysis because of missing information on lifetime number of male partners.

^†

Adjusted for age at colposcopy-biopsy (18–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–50), lifetime number of male partners (1, 2–4, 5–14, ≥15), and parity (0, 1, ≥2).

^‡

Recent use was defined as using that method within six months of the colposcopy-biopsy visit. The most recent COC brand reported was Ortho tri-cyclen (39%) followed by Ortho cyclen (19%) and Ortho-novum 7/7/7 (11%); 4% could not recall the brand of combined oral contraceptive the most recently used.