Primary human PBMCs (0.5 × 106) were stimulated for 20 h with GAM cultured P. gingivalis; CSE-treated P. gingivalis; or P. gingivalis cells that were first grown in GAM-CSE for two passages then reconditioned in untreaαted GAM for 2 passages (107 P. gingivalis cells). PBMCs stimulated with reconditioned P. gingivalis produced levels of TNF-α that were similar to PBMCs that were stimulated with bacteria from control cultures (not exposed to CSE). Error bars represent the mean (s.d.) of 3 experiments.
* Indicates statistical significance at p < 0.05.
** Indicates statistical significance at p < 0.01.