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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009 Mar 12;17(8):971–979. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.03.002

Table I.

Features of Chondrocyte Senescence

Senescence Feature References
Telomere shortening 23-24,27-28
↑ SA-βgal, p53, p21, p16 24,35-36
↑ Cytokine and MMP production 37-38,41-43
↑ Oxidative stress/damage 30-31,35,75
↓ Growth factor response 45-52
↓ Growth factor production 53-54
↑ Cell death 26,31,53,59-62,64

SA-βgal = Senescence-associated β-galactosidase; MMP = Matrix Metalloproteinase