Table 1.
Human toxoplasmosis outbreaks.
| Place of outbreak |
Route of Transmission |
Stage involved |
People exposed |
People symptomatic |
Isolate/ genotype |
Date | Symptoms | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama, USA | Cat feces contamination | Oocyst | 30 | 10 | - | 1976 | Chorioretinitis, fever, neurologic deficits | Stagno et al., 1980 |
| Atlanta, USA | Inhalation | Oocyst | 37 | 37 | - | 1977 | Febrile reaction | Teutsch, et al., 1979 |
| Panama | Water | Oocyst | 35 | 29 | - | 1979 | Fever, Lymphadenopathy, myalgia, abdominal pain, stiff neck and eye pain | Benenson et al., 1982 |
| Victoria, Canada | Water | Oocyst | 2894 – 7718 | 110 | Atypical | 1995 | Retinitis, lymphadenopathy | Bowie et al., 1997, Burnett et al., 1998 |
| Korea | Raw liver, spleen-wild pig | Bradyzoite | 3 | 3 | - | 1996 | Unilateral chorioretinitis | Choi et al., 1997 |
| Korea | Raw liver- domestic pig | Bradyzoite | 11 | 5 | - | 1996 | Lymphadenopathy | |
| USA | Raw venison | Bradyzoite | 5 | 5 | - | 2000 | Flu like symtoms with visual loss and retinits | Ross et al., 2001 |
| Santa Isabel | Water | Oocyst | 426 | 155 | Atypical | 2001 | Headache, malaise, myalgia, lymphadenitis, arthralgia | de Moura et al., 2006 |
| Turkey | Cat feces contamination | Oocyst | 1797 | 171 | - | 2002 | Lymphadenopathy, fever, myalgia, dizziness, headache | Doganci et al., 2006 |
| Suriname | Water | Oocyst | 11 | 8 | Atypical | 2003 | Fever, myalgia, impairment, congenital abortion and death | Demar et al., 2007 |
| India | Water | Oocyst | Not assessed | 213 | - | 2004 | Chorioretinitis | Palanisamy et al., 2006 |
“-” indicates no isolate recovered or strain genotyped from infected material