Table 1.

Characteristics of adults with a self-report of diabetes by nativity status; MEPS, 2001–2006

	Foreign born	U.S. born	P
n	1,272	5,811
Demographics
Age (years)	58.9 ± 0.5	60.6 ± 0.2	<0.001
Male (%)	48.9 ± 3.0	49.1 ± 0.3	0.955
Race/ethnicity (%)
Hispanic	54.1 ± 2.3	7.3 ± 0.4	<0.001
White	70.0 ± 2.9	82.1 ± 1.8	<0.001
Black	8.0 ± 2.3	16.8 ± 1.8	0.003
Asian	21.4 ± 1.1	0.6 ± 0.1	<0.001
Other	0.7 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.1	0.367
Married (%)	67.2 ± 0.3	58.9 ± 0.6	<0.001
Education (years)	9.9 ± 0.3	12.2 ± 0.1	<0.001
Personal income ($)	22,566.6 ± 1,249.6	25,595.2 ± 342.1	0.019
Residence (%)
Urban	93.0 ± 1.5	75.2 ± 2.7	<0.001
Midwest	7.7 ± 1.5	23.2 ± 0.3	<0.001
South	29.0 ± 2.8	42.7 ± 2.2	<0.001
Northeast	23.7 ± 1.0	16.2 ± 0.8	<0.001
West	39.6 ± 4.6	17.9 ± 1.5	<0.001
Acculturation (%)
Speak Spanish	12.8 ± 2.6	N/A	N/A
U.S. residency 15 or more years	79.8 ± 1.9	N/A	N/A
Health care access (%)
Insurance status
Private	47.5 ± 2.4	66.1 ± 0.6	<0.001
Public	38.7 ± 2.2	28.7 ± 0.9	<0.001
None	13.9 ± 1.5	5.2 ± 0.5	<0.001
Have usual source of care	91.8 ± 1.8	95.6 ± 0.2	0.038
Health status and behaviors (%)
BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2	74.0 ± 0.8	83.4 ± 0.2	<0.001
Current smoker	9.9 ± 1.0	17.6 ± 0.6	<0.001
Self-reported fair/poor health	43.7 ± 1.7	38.3 ± 1.5	0.016
Cardiovascular disease history	24.7 ± 0.9	36.1 ± 0.3	<0.001
Hypertensive	62.7 ± 3.1	69.5 ± 0.7	0.032
Diabetes characteristics (%)
Therapy
Insulin	19.8 ± 2.9	26.5 ± 0.3	0.020
Oral medication	79.3 ± 1.3	72.9 ± 0.6	<0.001
Insulin and oral medication	13.8 ± 2.4	12.5 ± 0.4	0.595
Diet modification	78.9 ± 0.9	81.1 ± 0.2	0.012
No diet/drug treatment	5.2 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.1	<0.001
Complications
Nephropathy	9.9 ± 0.5	12.4 ± 0.2	<0.001
Retinopathy	27.7 ± 1.4	23.7 ± 0.7	0.014

Data are means ± SD. N/A, not available.