Table II.
| Table IIa. Mean (±SD), median and range of essential elements (ppma or ppbb ww) in various raw and processed tissues of spotted seals (n=5) harvested in Kotzebue, Alaska (2004)c. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | Blubber raw |
Blubber rendered |
Muscle raw |
Muscle boiled |
Muscle dried |
Liver raw |
Liver fried |
Kidney raw |
Kidney boiled |
| Caa | 7.34 (±0.60) | 1.09 (±0.16) | 32.0 (±4.8) | 35.1 (±8.2) | 85.0 (±15.8) | 36.8 (±4.2) | 67.6 (±25.2) | 65.1 (±2.4) | 73.3 (±22.9) |
| 7.41 | 1.02 | 31.9 | 36.9 | 77.1 | 39.5 | 51.7 | 65.1 | 83.9 | |
| 7.02–8.11 | 0.97–1.37 | 25.5–38.7 | 21.8–44.3 | 74.4–112 | 32.1–40.4 | 46.5–95.9 | 62.8–68.8 | 35.1–92.3 | |
| Cua | 0.12 (±0.01) | 1.30 (±0.20) | 1.48 (±0.22) | 3.13 (±0.75) | 16.4 (±8.6) | 17.4 (±7.2) | 4.09 (±0.42) | 3.52 (±1.83) | |
| 0.11 | BDLc | 1.23 | 1.38 | 3.18 | 12.6 | 16.6 | 4.15 | 3.55 | |
| 0.10–0.13 | 1.08–1.55 | 1.31–1.84 | 1.90–3.93 | 7.07–26.4 | 10.3–26.1 | 3.43–4.46 | 0.92–6.02 | ||
| Fea | 4.83 (±2.80) | 204 (±53) | 271 (±74) | 549 (±146) | 392 (±151) | 431 (±149) | 136 (±30) | 182 (±39) | |
| 3.58 | BDLc | 217 | 297 | 579 | 389 | 468 | 119 | 186 | |
| 3.01–9.68 | 115–257 | 163–357 | 323–705 | 170–543 | 198–591 | 107–181 | 139–238 | ||
| Mga | 8.10 (±0.91) | 1.13 (±0.39) | 233 (±12) | 214 (±25) | 602 (±115) | 200 (±9) | 225 (±15) | 154 (±10) | 141 (±47) |
| 7.76 | 1.04 | 228 | 204 | 618 | 201 | 225 | 154 | 167 | |
| 7.43–9.67 | 0.75–1.78 | 221–252 | 186–248 | 411–724 | 188–212 | 210–248 | 140–167 | 62.7–177 | |
| Mnb | 38.4 (±2.3) | 16.7 (±2.1) | 169 (±48) | 173 (±31) | 381 (±12) | 5306 (±469) | 6408 (±407) | 1066 (±92) | 1027 (±359) |
| 38.6 | 17.1 | 165 | 178 | 421 | 5340 | 6490 | 1080 | 1070 | |
| 34.9–41.4 | 13.5–19.2 | 109–240 | 126–211 | 166–481 | 4700–5780 | 5750–6800 | 919–1170 | 425–1320 | |
| Mob | 552 (±63) | 801 (±89) | 122 (±12) | 152 (±78) | |||||
| BDLc | BDLc | BDLc | BDLc | BDLc | 560 | 822 | 118 | 179 | |
| 472–633 | 664–900 | 109–135 | 147–232 | ||||||
| Ka | 140 (±35) | 4.66 (±1.62) | 3234 (±253) | 2120 (±377) | 8922 (±1628) | 3084 (±246) | 3172 (±325) | 2568 (±211) | 1344 (±401) |
| 147 | 3.81 | 3100 | 2190 | 9140 | 2940 | 3290 | 2560 | 1550 | |
| 102–191 | 3.34–7.12 | 2970–3520 | 1620–2610 | 6360–10900 | 2900–3470 | 2740–3560 | 2280–2800 | 860–1690 | |
| Seb | 138 (±25) | 14.4 (±10.0) | 649 (±191) | 700 (±202) | 1655 (±606) | 2992 (±1010) | 3806 (±1053) | 5274 (±652) | 3776 (±1407) |
| 142 | 10.7 | 605 | 643 | 1810 | 2820 | 3850 | 5240 | 4040 | |
| 107–173 | 7.94–32.0 | 414–801 | 517–1030 | 906–2240 | 2000–4300 | 2540–5030 | 4360–5960 | 1480–5250 | |
| Naa | 150 (±13) | 48.1 (±5.2) | 569 (±129) | 357 (±78) | 1592 (±326) | 883 (±69) | 1044 (±186) | 1858 (±133) | 1036 (±337) |
| 152 | 46.6 | 565 | 341 | 1500 | 905 | 971 | 1920 | 1170 | |
| 129–165 | 42.3–56.4 | 375–708 | 271–463 | 1170–2030 | 790–948 | 841–1320 | 1700–1980 | 538–1350 | |
| Zna | 3.30 (±0.68) | 1.82 (0.54) | 19.6 (±3.6) | 27.6 (±5.8) | 54.4 (±10.0) | 42.1 (±4.8) | 54.3 (±3.1) | 26.2 (±1.4) | 35.8 (±11.5) |
| 3.25 | 1.67 | 19.2 | 28.0 | 51.4 | 40.2 | 54.9 | 26.5 | 37.0 | |
| 2.43–4.22 | 1.34–2.74 | 15.5–25.3 | 21.1–34.9 | 41.8–68.5 | 37.6–47.6 | 49.7–58.2 | 23.8–27.6 | 16.9–46.3 | |
| Table IIb. Mean (±SD), median and range of essential elements (ppma or ppbb ww) in raw and processed muscle tissue of sheefish (n=8) harvested in Kotzebue, Alaska (2005)c | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | Raw | Baked no skin |
Baked with skin |
Dried no Skin |
Dried with Skin |
Smoked no Skin |
Smoked with Skin |
||
| Caa | 32.6 (±40.0) | 15.4 (±5.8) | 12.3 (±4.5) | 43.6 (±64.6) | 100 (±39) | 13.0 (±4.8) | 21.2 (±24.3) | ||
| 21.2 | 15.2 | 11.4 | 20.3 | 103 | 12.0 | 13.2 | |||
| 5.9–129 | 6.8–23.4 | 7.9–22.1 | 16.3–203 | 20.2–303 | 7.8–23.1 | 8.7–81.1 | |||
| Cub | 323 (±96) | 480 (±199) | 394 (±130) | 675 (±296) | 836 (±904) | 482 (±141) | 430 (±165) | ||
| 304 | 430 | 352 | 614 | 468 | 460 | 415 | |||
| 246–544 | 245–731 | 262–623 | 385–1151 | 365–3007 | 309–716 | 239–770 | |||
| Fea | 2.85 (±1.11) | 3.75 (±1.33) | 4.39 (±3.75) | 6.51 (±3.13) | 4.35 (±2.15) | 3.30 (±2.19) | 3.39 (±1.40) | ||
| 2.45 | 3.87 | 3.13 | 5.99 | 3.68 | 2.43 | 3.19 | |||
| 1.92–5.20 | 1.44–5.67 | 2.22–13.5 | 2.18–11.7 | 3.11–9.58 | 1.95–8.48 | 1.72–6.46 | |||
| Mga | 414 (±58) | 431 (±74) | 389 (±51) | 704 (±162) | 815 (±151) | 511 (±136) | 374 (±33) | ||
| 385 | 435 | 386 | 751 | 843 | 529 | 373 | |||
| 368–538 | 269–509 | 318–462 | 431–875 | 601–1067 | 353–736 | 337–432 | |||
| Mnb | 188 (±56) | 219 (±43) | 208 (±40) | 307 (±82) | 386 (±227) | 252 (±66) | 253 (±20) | ||
| 165 | 232 | 211 | 298 | 278 | 237 | 253 | |||
| 123–300 | 144–264 | 160–278 | 179–416 | 213–883 | 186–378 | 211–274 | |||
| Ka | 5486 (±379) | 5760 (±550) | 5394 (±587) | 9474 (±1343) | 10968 (±1860) | 6884 (±1139) | 6499 (±1407) | ||
| 5536 | 5630 | 5320 | 9541 | 11011 | 6549 | 5953 | |||
| 4481–5957 | 5167–6676 | 4802–6394 | 7495–11301 | 8708–14595 | 5510–9163 | 5100–9182 | |||
| Seb | 293 (±30) | 320 (±36) | 301 (±32) | 513 (±134) | 584 (±50) | 385 (±47) | 368 (±42) | ||
| 286 | 317 | 295 | 474 | 594 | 372 | 362 | |||
| 265–344 | 277–379 | 251–354 | 347–730 | 505–655 | 333–476 | 310–452 | |||
| Naa | 565 (±118) | 658 (±180) | 623 (±168) | 1063 (±328) | 1026 (±319) | 640 (±158) | 610 (±143) | ||
| 605 | 607 | 565 | 989 | 981 | 603 | 609 | |||
| 414–704 | 449–920 | 439–856 | 765–1825 | 642–1717 | 493–980 | 360–825 | |||
| Zna | 3.81 (±0.34) | 4.83 (±0.79) | 4.40 (±0.55) | 7.87 (±1.61) | 8.07 (±1.35) | 5.07 (±0.54) | 5.27 (±0.94) | ||
| 3.81 | 4.63 | 4.20 | 8.34 | 7.62 | 5.29 | 4.93 | |||
| 3.47–4.47 | 4.01–6.15 | 3.78–5.42 | 4.95–9.52 | 6.73–10.4 | 4.24–5.64 | 4.31–7.26 | |||
a
Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Zn are reported in ppm ww.
b
Mn, Mo and Se are reported in ppb ww.
c
BDL = Below Detection Limit. All samples were BDL for Cr.
a
Ca, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Zn are reported in ppm ww.
b
Cu, Mn and Se are reported in ppb ww.
c
BDL = Below Detection Limit. All samples were BDL for Cr and Mo.