Table 1.

Vaccines versus ‘passive’ immunotherapies with antibodies and adoptively transferred T cells.

Therapy	Vaccines	Antibodies	Adoptive T-cell transfer
Direct cytotoxic effects	No	Yes	Yes
T cell effectors able of tumor entry	?	?	Yes
ADCC	?	Yes	No
Induction of immune surveillance	Yes	?	?
Induction of clinical responses	? (Low)	Yes	Yes
Survival benefit	Likely (limited data)	Yes	?
Toxicity	No	Yes	Yes
Targeting patient/tumor-unique Ags	Yes	No	Yes

?: Inconclusive data.

ADCC: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; Ags: Antigens.