Table 2.

Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among U.S. transplant recipients (univariate models)

Characteristic	Non-liver recipients			Liver recipients
	HCC, n	Incidence, per 100,000 person- years	Hazard ratio(95%CI) Univariate analysis	HCC, n	Incidence, per 100,000 person- years	Hazard ratio(95%CI) Univariate analysis
Sex
Female	6	2.8	1.0	5	7.8	1.0
Male	30	8.7	3.1 (1.3–7.5)	33	39	4.9 (1.9–13)
Age at transplant, years
<40	4	2.1	1.0*	1	2.4	1.0*
40–59	20	7.3	3.6 (1.2–10)	22	25	11 (1.4–80)
≥ 60	12	13	6.8 (2.2–21)	15	67	28 (3.7–220)
Diabetes mellitus
No	14	4.4	1.0	19	20	1.0
Yes	12	13	3.0 (1.4–6.5)	10	68	3.4 (1.6–7.4)
HBsAg
Negative	22	4.5	1.0	26	21	1.0
Positive	4	63	13 (4.5–38)	7	91	4.2 (1.8–9.8)
HCV antibody
Negative	20	5.0	1.0	9	14	1.0
Positive	6	42	8.4 (3.4–21)	16	47	3.3 (1.4–7.4)
Donor age
<30	15	6.6	1	11	15	1
≥30	21	6.4	1.0 (0.5–1.9)	27	36	2.4 (1.2–4.9)
Donor alcohol abuse
No	15	6.4	1.0	22	24	1.0
Yes	5	9.1	1.5 (0.5–4.0)	8	46	1.8 (0.8–4.1)
Donor HCV antibody
Negative	22	5.2	1.0	29	25	1.0
Positive	3	56	10 (3.1–35)	1	59	2.3 (0.3–17)

Abbreviations: HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma, CI confidence interval

Note: Subjects with missing data were excluded from analysis.

^*p<0.001 for trend, among non-liver and liver recipients.